A full-featured scientific calculator with trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan), logarithms (log, ln), square roots, powers, factorials, and the constant π. Toggle between degree and radian modes for trigonometry.
This scientific calculator extends basic arithmetic with trigonometric functions, logarithms, powers, and other mathematical operations used in algebra, trigonometry, calculus, physics, and engineering. Here is a complete reference for each function.
Trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan): These calculate the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle. Toggle between DEG (degrees) and RAD (radians) modes depending on what your problem uses. In degrees mode, sin(90) = 1. In radians mode, sin(π/2) = 1. Most everyday problems use degrees; calculus and physics often use radians.
Square root (√): Returns the positive square root of the displayed number. √144 = 12. √2 ≈ 1.41421.
x² (square): Squares the displayed number. 9² = 81. 1.5² = 2.25.
xⁿ (power): Raises the first number to the power of the second. Enter base, press xⁿ, enter exponent, press =. 2 xⁿ 10 = 1024.
log (base 10 logarithm): Returns the power to which 10 must be raised to equal the number. log(100) = 2, log(1000) = 3, log(50) ≈ 1.699.
ln (natural logarithm): Returns the power to which e (≈2.71828) must be raised to equal the number. Used extensively in calculus, compound interest formulas, and physics. ln(e) = 1, ln(100) ≈ 4.605.
n! (factorial): Multiplies a positive integer by all positive integers below it. 5! = 5×4×3×2×1 = 120. Used in combinatorics, probability, and series calculations. This calculator handles integers only.
π (pi): Inserts the constant π ≈ 3.14159265358979. Used in calculations involving circles, spheres, and periodic functions.
|x| (absolute value): Returns the non-negative value of a number. |−15| = 15. |-0.75| = 0.75.
Area of a circle with radius 7: Area = π × r². Enter 7, press x², note result (49), then enter π (3.14159...) × 49 = 153.94 square units.
Hypotenuse of a right triangle: Legs = 9 and 12. Hypotenuse = √(9² + 12²) = √(81+144) = √225 = 15.
Compound interest: $5,000 at 6% annual for 8 years (annually). A = 5000 × (1.06)^8. Enter 1.06, press xⁿ, enter 8, press =, multiply by 5000 = $7,969.24.
Use DEG (degrees) for most everyday geometry and trigonometry problems where angles are expressed in degrees (0–360). Use RAD (radians) for calculus, physics, and any problem where angles are expressed as multiples of π. If sin(90) should equal 1, you want DEG mode. If sin(π/2) should equal 1, you want RAD mode.
Mathematically, tan(90°) is undefined (it approaches infinity). Due to floating-point precision, JavaScript computes tan(90°) as a very large number (approximately 1.633 × 10^16) rather than true infinity. This is a known limitation of digital calculators.
Euler's number e ≈ 2.71828. To get e, calculate e^1: enter 1, press ln... actually the easiest way is to know that e = 2.71828182845904. You can also compute it as (1 + 1/n)^n for a very large n using the power function.
log (common logarithm) uses base 10: log(100) = 2 because 10² = 100. ln (natural logarithm) uses base e: ln(e) = 1 because e^1 = e. In mathematics and science, 'log' often means natural log by convention, while in engineering 'log' often means base-10. This calculator uses the computing convention: log = base 10, ln = natural log.
For ax²+bx+c=0, x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac)) / 2a. Example: x²+5x+6=0 (a=1,b=5,c=6). Under the radical: 5 x² − 4×1×6 = 25−24 = 1. √1 = 1. x₁ = (−5+1)/2 = −2. x₂ = (−5−1)/2 = −3. Verify: (−2)²+5(−2)+6 = 4−10+6 = 0. ✓